Category Archives: education

Who Are We Gardening For?

Last weekend I attended the Smart Gardening conference. It is held annually in March and provides a perfect green fix for gardeners in my state who are really, REALLY wanting to be out in the garden right now. The day long event brings speakers on different topics and photos of many plants. The keynote speaker this year was Paul Zammit, the Nancy Eaton Director of Horticulture at the Toronto Botanical Gardens. I was able to see Paul speak before on containers at the Toronto Botanical Gardens. He’s a dynamic speaker who delights the audience, albeit startling them a bit at first.

What is the Cost of Perfection?

Paul shared with us a conversation he had with his grandfather who grew lemon trees. The newly informed horticultural student was eager to share his knowledge on how to prevent scale on the fruit. His grandfather told him only once had they treated for scale, and during that season no birds visited the garden. Paul’s grandfather pulled a lemon with scale from the tree, cut it and squeezed it into a glass of water he then handed to his grandson. He asked “Does it taste any different?” Of course, it was still delicious.

We as gardeners are constantly making choices when creating and maintaining a garden. We can choose the perfectly shaped, fake topiary for accents. But that same choice will lead to the eventual discarding of the weathered artificial tree into a landfill. Do we need the larger, scale free produce? How important is it to have altered beautiful, double blooms whose many petals then keep pollinators from accessing the pollen and nectar of the plant? When we clear our perennial plant stalks in fall or early spring to make the garden look more tidy, do we realize we may also be removing habitat our solitary bees could use?

Gardening is “Messy”

“Gardens are alive and ever-changing,” Paul shared with us. Over these past years of tending the Lot, I’ve become comfortable with the idea of letting plants be plants. Loosen up on the reins, gardeners! Be okay with edges not being perfect and plants being a bit bug nibbled. You’re tending not just a lovely garden, but a possible thriving ecosystem. Paul recommended a book by David Culp I also really enjoyed called The Layered Garden. It’s a great resource for gardeners who would like to build a garden bustling with life, but still maintain a bit of visual order.

Public Gardens and Education

Gardens are also opportunities to connect people to nature. Not only do gardens offer a space of respite for urban populations, they are also great classrooms. The opportunities I’ve had to teach kids about gardening have been some of my favorite in my volunteer work. Kids naturally seem to share my awe and excitement about gardening. However, Paul asked why are we focusing on just children? Why not bring in their parents for families to learn together? Why not indeed. What a great idea!

Who am I Gardening For?

As gardeners, we make choices every time we buy a plant or pull out a hedge that have an effect far beyond ourselves. I don’t think Paul meant for any gardener to suffer paralysis by analysis after his presentation, or even to feel any guilt. Instead, I feel his presentation challenged us as gardeners to revisit our approach to gardening. Who do we garden for? Pollinators? Birds? Future generations? Personally, I felt even more empowered after listening to him speak. We’re super heroes! As a comic book fan, this delights me. I’m even more excited than before to tackle this growing season. Let’s do this.

New Garden Guests

In the second year of growing common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), I not only learned more about the plant’s growth habit in a tended garden, but also about the variety of insects it draws. Like many gardeners in the past several years, I expanded my milkweed inventory to supply food and nursery space for the monarch butterfly. Like the swamp milkweed, the common milkweed attracted aphids, then ants, then lady bird beetles and sooty mold. However, this year a new resident arrived.

One day when studying the evolving drama of The Milkweed Diaries, I noticed a new bug. This one wore a pretty flashy palette of reddish-orange and black. Not that subtle. The mouthpiece was a proboscis, which is an indicator the bug feeds on sap.  It also was just chilling toward the top of the plant, not participating in the balance of life being played out between the aphids, ants, and lady bugs on the leaves below. Naturally I grabbed a camera and snapped some photos of the unknown bug to ID it.

It didn’t take too long searching before I found it on The Internets. It is Oncopeltus fasciatus commonly know as the large milkweed bug.  They can be found on milkweed plants in mid to late summer when seedpods are getting ready to form. If you take a closer look at this adult, there is a black band across its body. I used this to ID it as the Large Milkweed bug, instead of the similar looking Lesser Milkweed Bug (Lygaeus kalmii) which has a set of inward facing, orange brackets on its back.

Like the monarch butterfly, milkweed bugs ingest the milkweed plant and therefore accumulate in their bodies cardiac glycosides (cardenolides). These alkaloid toxins are dangerous if ingested by predators.

Unlike Lesser Milkweed Bugs, this guy sticks to the Apocynaceae (dogbane) family when looking for its next meal. Both adults and nymphs feed on milkweed pods and seeds.

Do They Harm Monarchs?

Most gardeners grow plants from the milkweed family with monarchs on the mind. Who wouldn’t love waiting on those lovely butterflies? So, as I was reading about the large milkweed bug, I wondered if it was a natural predator of monarchs.

From what I could find, the Large Milkweed Bug is a vegetarian. However, the Lesser Milkweed Bug will scavenge on insects as a adult, including Monarch larvae. I feel this is just another example of why it is so important to carefully research your garden guest before knocking them into that jar of soapy water.

Should They Stay or Should They Go?

Stay. Both large and lesser milkweed bugs do not oppose an immediate threat to milkweed. The feeding damage is minimal, and the bug’s life cycle and overall presence in the garden is short. They are one of its many pollinators. Booming populations on a plant may be an indicator of a plant that is otherwise stressed or lacking something it needs to grow.

References

Ohio State University Extension

Milkweed: Not Just for Monarchs

Michigan State University Extension

Missouri Botanical Garden

Fieldtrip: Florida Botanical Gardens

As a part of our mid-winter getaway, the Other Half and I flew south for a long weekend. After arriving and grabbing some lunch, we made our way to the Florida Botanical Gardens. Yes, we went from the airport to the garden before checking into our lodging.

I like plants.

The weather was beautiful for this Zone 6a gardener. I have a low tolerance for a lot of heat and humidity, so this was a great time of year for me to be in Zone 10a.

Florida Herb Garden

There was plenty in bloom as we strolled through the herb garden. The garden’s website describes this are as “Culinary, medicinal, aromatic and economic herbs of Central Florida.” I think a more accurate description would be “Culinary, medicinal, aromatic and economic herbs that can be grown in Central Florida.

Here’s a pretty Mexican Marigold (Tagetes lucida), tagged as a culinary herb.

And here we have Leonotis leonurus, commonly referred to as lion’s ear. It was labeled as a medicinal herb that also attracts butterflies. This broadleaf evergreen (winter hardy in USDA zones 8-11) is native to Southern Africa.

I was really delighted with this discolor sage (Salvia discolor), also known as Peruvian Black Sage or Andean Silver Leaf Sage. The foliage is green with a dusting of silver fuzz beneath. And look at those purple/black blooms. Oh my.

Florida Native Plants Garden

This section of the botanical garden featured “A collection of Florida natives, demonstrating the broad palette of plants suitable for the home landscape.”

One plant we noticed showing up again and again is the coontie. Not only fun to say, this Florida native looked almost prehistoric to me. Its fern-like leaves form a fine texture but are leathery. Fun Fact: The coontie is a food source for the caterpillars of the atala butterfly.

Upon further reading I discovered these plants are “cycads,” a group of plants abundant around the world during the Jurassic Period.  This drought tolerant plant’s stem is underground. It sends up both male and female cones through the soil. The University of Florida Extension site states “Like all cycads, it is a gymnosperm and doesn’t produce any flowers or fruits. Instead, it reproduces by producing seeds in seed cones and pollen in pollen cones.”

While the coontie above was labeled as (Zamia floridana) at the garden, this next one was labeled as (Zamia pumila). Love this specimen and the arches the leaves form. Still learning about the plant, I did some research and found there is a disagreement as to what the plant is actually called. C’mon Florida, get your sh*t together. From what I can tell from reviewing several university websites, the general agreement is Zamia pumila is the way to go.

Entryway Plantings

There was a really pretty bed at the entrance of the main building. Plants included this wonderful Indian Holly Fern (Arachniodes simplicior).

And then there were also these Aechmea, a genus of the Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae family). Fun Fact: That’s the pineapple family. The over 200 species of Aechmea have toothed, strap-like leaves. Also, the flowers are held on just as colorful branches.

Tropical Walk

Along the tropical walk area, we ran into a whole collection of Crotons like this Gold Dust Croton (Codiaeum variegatum ‘Gold Dust’). Crotons have colorful foliage and are related to the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).

This was a pretty cool cultivar called ‘Ram’s Horn’.

This cultivar of croton was ‘Mother and Daughter’.

Across from the huge croton display was a tropical, vining type shrub called a Light Bulb Clerodendrum (Clerodendrum smithianum). What attracted me to the plant was the delicate, long strands of fading flowers. It was as if the plant was adorned with some type of flowering tinsel or light strings.

Resources
Florida Wildflower Foundation
University of Wisconsin Extension